Further, we investigated whether differences in symbiotic microbial communities could be detected between the two clusters using next-generation (Illumina) sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Remarkably, mapping these haplotypes to barrel sponges worldwide revealed positioning on opposite ends of a global network, despite their sympatric occurrence. muta from Conch Reef as microsatellite data, with mitochondrial gene sequences (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, I3-M11 partition) from 54 individuals corresponding to 4 known haplotypes within the two genetic clusters. Here, we show that single-gene barcoding detected the same intraspecific genetic variation within X. Tracking changes to populations over time and their ecological significance requires rapid identification of each genetic cluster and subsequent studies of biological differences between clusters. muta in a monitored population on Conch Reef, Florida Keys, with a reduced abundance of one cluster among the largest individuals. Recent microsatellite data have revealed the presence of two genetic clusters of X. The giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, represents a dominant member of Caribbean reef communities.
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